[Please see 50 CFR §16 for regulations regarding Injurious Wildlife]
The summary below shows only wildlife species that are currently listed as injurious and includes updated numbers for taxonomic changes to the species’ names. A few species were originally listed as early as 1900 by Congress (fruit bats and a mongoose), but the Effective Date shown here for those and the other species reflects when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulations took effect. Congress listed other species by statute after 1900, shown as “C” under “Effective Date.”
The regulations cover only live specimens unless otherwise noted. All species of Salmonidae (salmon, trout, char, grayling, freshwater whitefish) are considered injurious due to risk of carrying pathogens that are harmful to fish, unless the salmonids are imported with a health certification or are dead and eviscerated (see 50 CFR 16.13). Twenty genera of salamanders (live, dead, parts) are considered injurious due to risk of carrying the fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (see 50 CFR 16.14).
MAMMALS (§16.11)
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Bats, fruit (flying foxes; genus) | Pteropus spp. | 65 | August 13, 1952 |
| Dhole (Indian wild dog, red dog) | Cuon sp. | 1 | January 1, 1966 |
| Dog, raccoon | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 1 | January 17, 1983 |
| Mongooses, meerkats | Genera: Atilax, Cynictis, Helogale, Herpestes, Ichneumia, Mungos, and Suricata | 19 | January 1, 1966 |
| Possum, brushtail | Trichosurus vulpecula | 1 | July 11, 2002 |
| Rabbit, European | Oryctolagus sp. | 1 | August 13, 1952 |
| Rats (or Mice), multimammate | Mastomys spp. | 8 | January 1, 1966 |
MAMMALS Subtotal = 96
BIRDS (§16.12)
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Bulbul, red-whiskered | Pycnonotus jocosus | 1 | July 1, 1968 |
| Dioch | Quelea quelea | 1 | July 1, 1968 |
| Sparrow, Java | Padda oryzivora | 1 | July 1, 1968 |
| Starling, pink (rosy pastor) | Sturnus roseus | 1 | January 1, 1966 |
BIRDS Subtotal = 4
FISHES (§16.13)
(News Release - September 30, 2016) Service Acts to Prevent Harm to Native Wildlife from 11 Nonnative Species
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced a final rule on September 30, 2016, to add 11 nonnative freshwater species to the list of injurious wildlife under the Lacey Act: 10 fish (crucian carp, Eurasian minnow, Prussian carp, roach, stone moroko, Nile perch, Amur sleeper, European perch, zander, wels catfish) and 1 crayfish (common yabby). The rule went into effect on October 31, 2016.
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Carp, bighead | Hypophthalmichthys nobilis | 1 | Dec. 14, 2010 C |
| Carp, black | Mylopharyngodon piceus | 1 | November 19, 2007 |
| Carp, crucian | Carassius carassius | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Carp, largescale silver | Hypophthalmichthys harmandi | 1 | August 9, 2007 |
| Carp, Prussian | Carassius gibelio | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Carp, silver | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | 1 | August 9, 2007 |
| Catfishes, walking | Family Clariidae (genera include Bathyclarias, Channallabes, Clariallabes, Clarias, Dinotopterus, Dolichallabes, Encheloclarias, Gymnallabes, Heterobranchus, Horaglanis, Platyallabes, Platyclarias,Tanganikallabes, Uegitglanis, Xenoclarias) | 118 | January 1, 1970 |
| Catfish, wels | Silurus glanis | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Minnow, Eurasian | Phoxinus phoxinus | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Moroko, stone | Pseudorasbora parva | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Perch, European | Perca fluviatilis | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Perch, Nile | Lates niloticus | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Roach | Rutilus rutilus | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Salmon family (due to risk of pathogens) | Family Salmonidae (genera include Brachymystax, Coregonus, Hucho, Oncorhynchus, Parahucho, Parasalmo, Prosopium, Salmo, Salvelinus, Salvethymus, Stenodus, and Thymallus) | 242 | July 1, 1968 |
| Sleeper, Amur | Perccottus glenii | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
| Snakehead (family) | Family Channidae (genera include Aenigmachanna, Channa, Parachanna) | 57 | October 4, 2002 |
| Zander | Sander lucioperca | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
FISHES Subtotal = 431
without Salmon family = 189
MOLLUSKS ANDCRUSTACEANS (§16.13)
| Common Name | Genus Species | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Crabs, mitten (genus) | Eriocheir spp. | 5 | June 22, 1989 |
| Mussel, quagga | Dreissena rostriformis or
D. bugensis | 1 | December 4, 2018 C |
| Mussel, zebra | Dreissena polymorpha | 1 | January 23, 1990 C |
| Yabby, common (a crayfish) | Cherax destructor | 1 | October 31, 2016 |
MOLLUSKS and CRUSTACEANS Subtotal = 8
AMPHIBIANS (§16.14)
(News Release - January 12, 2016 ) Listing Salamanders as Injurious Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus
To help prevent a deadly fungus from killing native salamanders, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published an interim rule to list 201 salamander species as injurious wildlife under the Lacey Act. The fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, also known as Bsal or salamander chytrid, is carried on the skin of various salamander species.
| Common Name | Genus Species | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Salamanders (due to risk of Bsal) | Genera: Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton | 236* | January 28, 2016 |
AMPHIBIANS Subtotal = 236*
*Number does not include Triturus hongkongensis, which is not a valid scientific name but is used in import declarations. It is synonymous with Paramesotriton hongkongensis; both names are covered under the listing.
REPTILES (§16.15)
(News Release - March 6, 2015) Service Lists Four Nonnative, Large Constrictor Snakes as Injurious Wildlife
| Common Name | Family, Genus, or Species | Number of Species | Effective Date |
|---|
| Anaconda, Beni | Eunectes beniensis | 1 | April 9, 2015 |
| Anaconda, DeSchauensee’s | Eunectes deschauenseei | 1 | April 9, 2015 |
| Anaconda, green | Eunectes murinus | 1 | April 9, 2015 |
| Anaconda, yellow | Eunectes notaeus | 1 | March 23, 2012 |
| Python, Burmese | Python bivittatus (originally listed as Python molurus) | 1 | March 23, 2012 |
| Python, Indian | Python molurus | 1 | March 23, 2012 |
| Python, northern African | Python sebae | 1 | March 23, 2012 |
| Python, reticulated | Python reticulatus (or Broghammerus reticulatus, or Malayopython, reticulatus) | 1 | April 9, 2015 |
| Python, southern African | Python natalensis | 1 | March 23, 2012 |
| Snake, brown tree | Boiga irregularis | 1 | May 25, 1990; December 13, 1991 C |
REPTILES Subtotal = 10
TOTAL without Salmonidae and salamanders = 307
TOTAL ALL SPECIES = 785
